The Status And Perception Of Women - 928 Words

Literature Review Draft 2 For centuries, the status and perception of women has been a disputed and controversial subject. Due to precarious political or social standings, even women in power were subject to the judgement and power of men. When considering the portrayal of exceptional women throughout history, rarely has a woman been able to fully embrace the stage without reservations. An analysis of research texts and journal articles reveals and connects the way that a queen of ancient times and one of the English Renaissance controlled their image, were affected by societal views of women, and were ultimately depicted. Scholarship on Cleopatra and Queen Elizabeth I relays the idea that society and patriarchy led to their respective authorities and depictions. Mary Hamer, author of Signs of Cleopatra, a historical research text, investigates Cleopatra’s cultural significance from her earliest representations in her own time to her status as a symbol in modern times. In the chapter, â€Å"Cleopatra : housewife,† she discusses Cleopatra’s image between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, a time that spans the invention of the printing press and the proliferance of Elizabethan playwright, William Shakespeare. Hamer uses the work of Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Jan de Bray, which was spread rapidly due to the printing press, as a lens to view Cleopatra’s image. In regards to this image, she notes the changing attitude towards women, a result of the Reformation creating anShow MoreRelatedWomen s Participation For Sports1152 Words   |  5 Pagesincreased participation in sports has been productive in attempting to change the patriarchal status quo; and why some sill believe that things have not changed the status quo remains intact. I will also debate this difference in perception explaining my personal stance on the issue and why. Finally focusing on the impact this has on African Americans and other minorities. Changing the patriarchal status quo Gender has been the central standard of dictating social life over the course of the lastRead MoreThe Feminist Criticism Of Antigone Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist criticism approach evaluates how sexual identity impacts the creation and perception of literary pieces of art. It was originally an offshoot of the feminist movements but has currently employed certain approaches, such as the Masculinity approach, which is advocated by Robert Bly. Feminist criticism takes a primary role in articulating the patriarchal perceptions that have dominated the Western thought. The perceptions have consciously or unconsciously resulted in literature which is full of rawRead MoreShould Parental Status Differentially Affects Men And Women Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesand workplace evaluations between women with children and women without children cannot be explained by differences in job qualifications. This finding suggests mothers are discriminated for having children. Surprisingly , the disadvantages that accrue to mothers do not apply for fathers. Therefore, women with children are doubly discriminated for their gender and parental status. It is important to understand why parental status differentially affects men and women in the workplace in order to implementRead MoreUnderstanding Social Perception Managing Diversity1339 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Social Perception amp; Managing Diversity Perception can and is influenced by a number of different things whether from the things that is read, seen on television, or simply from what we retain from family and friends. The way that perception is interpreted determines how we perceive people or our surrounding. Steve Harvey film and book Act like a Lady Think like a Man elaborates on how the perception between genders, as well as the diversity that distinguishes the communicationRead MoreSocial Issues Around The Globe1642 Words   |  7 Pagesaren t taken in consideration, particularly the ones that influence the media, for instance movies, magazines, music, TV shows and the web, on ladies self-perception. There is a lot of shame that compares with young teenage ladies and their socially accepted body. So this new pattern or what not, the current unreasonable self-perception is considered as the new wonderful or provocative, there are a great deal of youthful teenager ladies that are experiencing this issue is gained from this glorifiedRead MoreHow Race And Gender Affect How Asian American Women And Men Are Viewed As Potential Leaders Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagestypical leader have a significant impact on how Asian American women are viewed as leaders, and also have some implications for Asian American men. A prototypical leader is often a Caucasian male and leadership roles are prominently defined as masculine or agentic, therefore, Asian American woman and men may not be viewed as prototypical leaders. The purpose of this research is to examine how race and gender affect how Asian American women and men are viewed as potential leaders. The first hypothesisRead MoreWomen s Rights Within The Viking Age924 Words   |  4 Pagesis a discipline which has traditionally been deeply colored by a predominantly male bias, and the historical dominance of men over women had been accepted to such a degree that it appeared to be the natural order of things . Popular imagination was of male Viking warriors wi th their long beards, large axes, colorful shields, and bloodied swords. The presence of women was limited within the scope of early works. The historiographical study of women’s rights within the Viking Age is in its early stagesRead MoreReputation Of Men And Women In Othello1118 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, the reputation of men and women has been defined by society in a different matter. During the 16th century, men were viewed accordingly to their military position and societal duties. On the other hand, a womans character was defined by their sexual history, commitment of adultery and servitude to their husband. Such a contrast in perceptions did not only alter the way in which women were regarded by their husbands and society, but it influenced the manner in which men definedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Fear Of Crime1488 Words   |  6 Pagesstory. (Buckler and Travis 2005). Distorted Views A vast majority of the public depends on some form of media for information about local, national and world events. At one time, television was thought to have had largest impact on individual perception of crime and beliefs (Gerbner and Gross 1976). Media forms people’s opinions by controlling reactions, making strong impressions on their preferences and evaluations (Entman 1989). When used for the only basis of one s understanding about crimeRead MoreComparing Euripides The Play Medea And Aristophanes 1173 Words   |  5 Pagesviews of women in their works. Euripides tends to characterize them as misunderstood, strong people while Aristophanes shows women as comical and forgivable. This difference in perception of women by the audience may stem from the titles given to the women in the stories. Medea in Euripides’ play is a barbarian; Lysistrata in Aristophanes’ play is a citizen. Both plays with the protagonists’ namesakes show how the titles ca use a difference in perception. Medea and Lysistrata both contain women of extreme

Someone in the Backseat- Creative Writing Essay - 690 Words

Driving through torrential rain was very torturous. The rain thumped on the bonnet and the wind whistled along the curves of the car. The trees were waving frantically in the wind as if to attract the attention of passing cars. Like the night, the winding country road grew longer and longer, darker and darker with every passing hour. The bright headlights pushed back the darkness, which immediately returned to haunt the rear of the car. The darkness seeps into the car and hangs heavily over the back seat. Twenty one year old Natalie had just passed her driving test and this was the first time she was driving back from university by herself. Natalie was quiet relaxed driving through the night,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bang† the tyre bursts as the car hit the kerb. She slams on the brake and stops the car. Natalie, scared of the thought of getting out of the car to fix the tyre, switches off her phone and decides to continue until she finds a garage. After approximately fifteen minutes of slow careful driving Natalie comes across a secluded garage. She stops the car in the garage yard and notices a light coming from a shack in one corner of the yard. Natalie winds down her window and shouts for attention in the direction of the shack. No reply. Natalie puts on her coat and gloves and gets out of the car. The yard is wet and muddy and she notices numerous dark cabins lining the yard. She goes over to the cabin with the light on and knocks on the door. No answer. She bangs harder with the bottom of her fist. Again no answer. She tries the handle. There is a â€Å"click† and the door opens slightly. â€Å"Hello, hello, is anybody there†? No reply. She pushes the door wide open. The door opens with the most painful creaking sound. Natalie steps into the room and the overpowering damp smell forces her to immediately put her hands over her mouth and nose. The inside of the cabin was bigger than it looked from the outside. There was a single dirty lightbulb hanging low from the ceiling. The stale atmosphere seemed to discolour everything in the room. An even dirtierShow MoreRelatedThe 17 Essential Qualities of a Team Player1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthe big picture, relational, focused on others, selfless, willing to take a backseat for the good of the team, and tenacious - works hard to overcome obstacles, no matter what. U U 1. Adaptable: If you wont change for the team, the team may change you. Team players who are most likely to become adaptable possess the following characteristics: a) they are highly teachable; b) they are emotionally secure; c) they are creative; and, d) they are service-minded individuals. To achieve such characteristicRead MoreReviewer in English Iv Nat5930 Words   |  24 Pageswhen the crime was committed. Mechanics make inferences when they run diagnostics, tinker around in the engine, and chat with you about how your car is acting to figure out whats wrong under the hood. Likewise, you infer things all the time. If someone stares angrily at you from the rearview mirror and mimics yelling when youre stopped behind them at a red light, you might come to the conclusion that youve offended him or her while driving in some way. If a woman is pushing a covered strollerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDiagnostic Surveys for Creative Problem Solving 168 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 168 How Creative Are You ? 169 Innovative Attitude Scale 171 Creative Style Assessment 172 SKILL LEARNING 174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating Alternatives 176 Implementing the Solution 177 Limitations of the Analytical Problem-Solving Model 178 Impediments to Creative Problem Solving 178Read MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesprofessional journalists (compared to citizen journalism) – conte nt quality †¢ Citizen journalist â€Å"on-the ground† reports vs. professional whose sole purpose is to uncover each and every piece of information related to the news article they are writing †¢ Wider and deeper coverage †¢ Connections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York TimesRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesrefers to a variety of research techniques that make use of already existing sources, or publicly accessible information and data. This method is not the most effective research method in the sense that when a researcher relies on data collected by someone else, chances are he will not find exactly what is needed. The author uses research performed by noted sociologists and sources that are credible and trustworthy. He includes links to the journals in which he collected his data from by hyperRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagesyour boss, he said, † â€Å"here are eight behaviors I would expect of you. Then he † went on, â€Å"And here is what I think you should expect from your leader. I’ve never seen a group of executives react as we did. † Every one of us bent over our notebooks, writing furiously, as if a professor had said, â€Å"Here is what will be on the exam; you might want to write it down. † A couple of days later, I wrote Larry and suggested we develop his talk into an article. He said yes; senior editor Ellen Peebles said yes

Emerson Self Reliance Free Essays

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s works â€Å"Self-Reliance† and Nature esteem transcendentalism as a romantic, individualistic philosophy of life in hopes of establishing contemporary concepts in society which reject traditional institutions and customs. Emerson’s thoughts are generally based on inward reflection, in which the capabilities of one’s soul and intuition are fundamental. He believes that a rejuvenated sense of personal inspiration can overpower the dogmatic constructs society imposes on its members. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerson Self Reliance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emerson stresses the potential for genius and creativity in all people through the depth of philosophic interest in nature and in oneself, allowing people to find self-truth or their purpose. He further expounds upon this concept of the pursuit of self-realization by describing the process of gaining insight through opening oneself to the powers of nature in solitude and closing oneself to the influence of society in isolation. Isolation reflects Emerson’s statement of individualism as its emphasis is placed on the mental strength of a person over traditional systems of thought. This philosophy esteems individuals above all: society, religion, and other institutions and systems of thought. The dogmatisms imposed on human beings are part of a course one must deviate from in order to achieve individual freedom of thought and expression. A person must use society as a standard from which they must rise above by disregarding its norms. Emerson repeatedly calls on individuals to value their own thoughts, opinions, and experiences above those presented to them by others. Each individual is a unique expression of creativity and will, capable of contributing different ideas and reforms to society. Mankind’s divinity also plays a prominent role in the methods of isolation. All people, according to Emerson, have divine powers within. Success and achievement are derived from people themselves, not bestowed by another superior being. He uses the example of â€Å"prayer as a means to effect a private end, is theft and meanness† (Self-Reliance 545). This direct link between divinity and the individual provides assurance that the individual will, when correctly exercised, can never produce evil. Individual will, in Emerson’s philosophy, is not something to be rejected or hidden, as done so by many who are unable to see past society’s dictums, but rather a force to be asserted and upheld for the more advanced progress of man. In this context however, an individual who fails to be self-reliant, who does not intend to act upon his or her own thoughts and ideas, is out of step with its purpose. Such a person, in Emerson’s view, cannot be productive, fulfilled, and therefore happy, as they are not living for anything real. These people are only temporarily pacified by ideals that have already been established, innovations that have already been discovered, and abilities that have already been exhausted. On the other hand, a person who is self-reliant can be assured that he or she is carrying out a divine purpose of life, as no one before them could have had the exact same ideas, strengths, or mental environment to work with. Those who flout the rules and conventions of society and religion do, however, suffer disapproval as a result. But, Emerson points out, those men who were earlier condemned are now considered some of the greatest thinkers of all time: Galileo, Socrates, Copernicus, and countless others. Amending the immediate thought process of one’s world exposes the counter ideas of those who do not want change, but is ultimately beneficial when they are given time to adjust and open their minds to new ideas. The first innate reaction of man is to reject that which is different and may pose dangers to the familiar way of life. This â€Å"terror that scares us from self-trust† (Self-Reliance 537) is the beginning of the emergence of universal conformity which, in turn, eclipses innovation and personal growth. However, the more people open themselves to their personal judgment and intuition, the more trust they will have for each other as a mutual respect for ideas will develop. People will be able to relate to each other through their processes of thought, ensuring acknowledgment amongst all for the effort and uniqueness society will experience through individual contributions. Self-reliance is not a merely a matter of averting tradition but, just as importantly, a matter of believing and doing what one is uniquely suited to believe and do. Emerson expects the self-reliant to substitute originality for imitation in every sphere of life. Referencing architecture, Emerson explains that originality will yield a product that is superior to one made by imitation: If the American artist will study with hope and love the precise thing to be done by him, considering the climate, the soil, the length of the day, the wants of the people †¦ e will create a house in which all these will find themselves fitted, and taste and sentiment will be satisfied also (Self-Reliance 547). A commitment to live according to one’s own ideas about every matter will certainly result in benefits far greater than those which are given by adhering to former ideals of society as people will be able to almost customize the different aspects of their lives. Isolating oneself from the mental influences of others provides people a tool to aid their focus on what they really desire from themselves and their lives. Though solitude arrives at the same product as isolation, abilities and confidence in oneself, it requires a separate course of action. In solitude, one must physically disconnect from civilization and open oneself to the influences of nature and the powers of the unquantifiable. In Nature, Emerson displays the overwhelming sense of unity, harmony, and the blending of man’s identity with the divine essence of nature, as the entire â€Å"universe is composed of Nature and the Soul† (Nature 493). By being in nature, one comes upon the feeling of losing his human point of view. An omniscient one is then created through the feeling that man exists as part of nature-â€Å"I am nothing. I see all† (Nature 494). Nature’s constructs, such as the sublime, help people to not only appreciate their positions in the universe, but realize the vast unknown and the consequent pettiness of everyday temporal problems. By ridding oneself of the perceived dualism between people and nature, one becomes part of all creation and is able to access the power nature exerts. Solitude also includes the awareness of time and its genuine importance that nature conveys to man. Emerson counsels the self-reliant to keep their focus on the present. â€Å"Man postpones or remembers,† (Self-Reliance 541) he explains. â€Å"He does not live in the present, but with reverted eye laments the past, or, heedless of the riches that surround him, stands on tiptoe to foresee the future† (Self-Reliance 541). One who lingers in the past or worries about the future wastes one’s life in regret while another who looks to the future misses today’s opportunities and pleasures. It is Emerson’s confidence in the present that leads him to establish that consistency is foolish. That a certain belief or course of action was correct, useful, or best in the past does not guarantee that it remains so in the present. Conversely, to leave behind a belief or a way of doing things does not mean that it was not useful at the time or that one was wrong to have pursued it, but it no longer applies. He refers to a rose’s ability to just grow, no matter what may happen in the future and what had happened in the past. The rose simply does what it is supposed to do, and does not let its goal out of sight by becoming distracted with mere possibilities or previous occurrences whose effects cannot be altered. The ability to live in the moment ensures that an individual uses the potential of every moment to its fullest, ultimately creating a genuine purpose for said individual to work towards and a higher probability of fulfillment in life. This individual goal, however, comes with its own approach. Emerson acknowledges the fact that through isolation, people gear towards finding something they that they either want to achieve or experience as they are able to focus their thoughts on their own potential. Reaching a goal, however, has no preset or guideline; people must go about doing so in their own way. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an apparently inconsistent course through life, Emerson uses a sailing journey as a metaphor: â€Å"The voyage of the best ship is a zigzag line of a hundred tacks† (Self-Reliance 538). The knowledge that one is following the true path to the right destination, despite apparent inconsistencies, gives one confidence to ignore the taunts of others who deride one for changing course. By complying with both isolation and solitude, intuition judgment and appreciation become the powers by which people liberate themselves from the constructs and opinions of others and focus on personal growth. Emerson’s perception of solitude suggests that one opens themselves to the exterior influences of nature to gain insight whereas his theory of isolation contends that people use civilization as a standard from which they must deviate. If the individual is able to progress, society will do so automatically. Therefore people must trust their own characters and way of life. Isolation also combats the notion that all people are obliged to acquiesce to societal conformities that are ultimately detrimental to both individual and communal well-being. The â€Å"norm† is not always right, society regresses instead of progresses as people refuse to change what has been, in fear of being different. Solitude results in personal acceptance to where they are in life as people open themselves to the sublime or powers they cannot compete with, imposing a sense of humility and therefore a realistic outlook to life and one’s own potential. Consequently, nature along with the powers of the human mind embodies true happiness and fulfillment. How to cite Emerson Self Reliance, Papers

Differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels †Free Sample

Question: Discuss the differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels? Answer: Discuss the differences between John and the Synoptic Gospels. Introduction: From the very beginning of the modern era, doubts have been expressed by scholars regarding everything ranging from the authorship to the purpose of the fourth Gospel. Therefore, these doubts also include the doubts among the scholars regarding the relationship of the gospel of John with synoptic Gospels. The debate regarding this issue has been going on since long in history. Therefore the relationship of the Gospel of John with synoptic Gospels is not the problem faced by the two centuries of modern critical scholarship, but it has been experienced by Christian theologists for a much longer time (Throckmorton, Jr., 1979). While until the Second World War, it was made him believe that John was aware of and also used one or more synoptic Gospels at the time of writing his own account. However another trend contrary to the dependence theory was started by P Gartner-Smith when two shortcomings of this theory were highlighted by him. First of all the presence of continuing oral tradition at the time of writing the gospel renders the argument related with the dependence of John on Synoptic gospels less compelling. In the same way, the concentration of the critics regarding the points of agreement present among the fourth Gospel and the Synoptic Gospels and at the same time, the fact that critics have overlooked the significance of the differences that are present among them is also a shortcoming of this theory (. Filson, 1991). In this regard, it becomes important to note that there are some significant differences present between the synoptic Gospels or the first three Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke and the Gospel of John. It also needs to be rooted in this regard that the Gospel of John contains around 90% of material related with the life of Jesus that is not present in other Gospels. Therefore while all the four Gospels complement each other and all of them basically tell story regarding Jesus Christ however it cannot be denied that the Gospel of John is significantly different from the synoptic Gospels in content and tone (Miller, Ed., 1992p249). Therefore, several conspicuous differences are present between the synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. For example, one major difference between the two is related with the flow of various events in the life of Jesus. Except for a few differences that are present in their style, generally the synoptic Gospels are related with the same events in Jesus's life and ministry. All three of them focus on the period of the public ministry of Jesus in the areas of Galilee and Jerusalem as well as several areas present in between, including some miracles, major proclamations, discourses and confrontations. Although the writers of synoptic Gospels have generally arranged these events in a different order as a result of their own preferences and goals but it can be said that Matthew, Mark and Luke's books are in accordance with a similar wider script. On the other hand, the same cannot be said regarding the Gospel of John. On the other hand, it is significantly different in terms of the events described by it (Halley, 1965). Particularly, there are four major units in which the Gospel of John can be divided. These are the introduction; The Book of Signs focusing on the messianic signs of Jesus; The Book of Exaltation in which the exaggeration of Jesus with the father has been anticipated after His crucifixation and resurrection and An Epilogue in which the future ministries of Peter and John have been unfolded. In this way, the result is that while a large part of the content in synoptic Gospels is common in terms of the events that have been described by them, a large part of the content present in the Gospel of John is unique in itself. In fact, there is nearly 90 percent of the content present in the Gospel of John that is unique to it and is not present in other Gospels (Wilmington, 1997). In such a case, a question arises that hard to explain the fact that the Gospel of John does not include the same events that have been recorded by Matthew, Mark and Luke. Is it possible that John remembered something different regarding the life of Jesus or even a question can be asked that were Matthew, Mark and Luke were not correct regarding what was said and did by Jesus. However this is not the case, and in this regard it needs to be noted that John's Gospel was written nearly 20 years later than Matthew, Mark and Luke wrote their own Gospels. As a result, John decided to skim and skip some ground that was already included in synoptic Gospels. It was the desire of John to fill some gaps and also to offer new material. At the same time, much of his content is related with describing different events dealing with the Passion Week before the crucifixion of Jesus as the significance of this week is now recognized by the scholars (Douglas, Ed., 1990). Apart from the flow of events, there is also a difference between the style used by John and the style used by the authors of Synoptic Gospels. A narrative approach has been used by Matthew, Mark and Luke and they also feature geographical settings, proliferation of the dialogue and similarly, a large number of directors have been used by them. At the same time, in case of synoptic Gospels, primarily Jesus has been recorded by teaching through parables and also with the help of short bursts of proclamation. On the other hand, the Gospel of John is more introspective and protracted. The content of John's Gospel is full of long discourses, mainly from the mouth of Jesus. On the other hand, there are very few events that can be said to be "moving along the plot" and in the same way, the theological explorations are also very few (Laymon, 1991). For example, a significant chance is provided to the readers by the birth of Jesus in which we can observe the difference that is present in the style used in the synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. The story related with the birth of Jesus has been told by Matthew and Luke in a way that it is possible to reproduce it with the help of a nativity play, with costumes, characters sets and the same. Similarly, specific events have also been described by them in chronological order. But in case of the Gospel of John, there are no characters whatsoever. On the other hand, a theological proclamation has been offered by John of Jesus as the divine Word, the light shining in the darkness of the world although there are many who do not want to recognize Him. Therefore the words used by John are poetic and powerful and in the same way, the writing style of John is also entirely different as compared to the synoptic Gospels (Benware, 1990). Therefore while ultimately the Gospel of John also tells the same story as told by the synoptic Gospels, however there are certain major differences between the two regarding the approach adopted by them. In such a case, it becomes significant to explain these differences. A question can also be asked in this regard that why there are so many differences present between the written record of the life of Jesus presented by John and the other three Gospels. A number of legitimate explanations can be offered regarding the significant differences related with style and content present between the Gospel of John and the synoptic Gospels. The first such explanation which is also the simplest one is related with the dates of the recordings of these Gospels. It is believed by a large number of contemporary Bible scholars that the first gospel was written by Mark, perhaps between A.D. 55 and 59. As a result, Mark's gospel provides a comparatively fast paced portrayal of the life and ministry of Jesus. As it was mainly written for a Gentile audience, this gospel provides a brief yet powerful introduction to the story of Jesus and also its staggering implications. On the other hand, the modern scholars are not sure if the Gospel of Mark was followed by Matthew or Luke however they are sure that both of them have used the work of Mark as the foundation for their work. The result is that nearly 95% of the content present in the Gospel of Mark can be compared to the combined content that can be found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Therefore, irrespective of the fact that who wrote after Mark, it is possible that Matthew and Luke have written their Gospels sometime between late 50s and 60s AD (Shorto, 1997). In this way, we come across the fact that synoptic Gospels have been written nearly 20 or 30 years after the death and resurrection of Jesus which is only a generation. This reveals that Mark, Matthew and Luke faced the pressure due to which they have to record major events of the life of Jesus as a full generation had passed between the occurrence of those events and their recording and as a result, the eyewitness accounts and sources were also likely to grow scarce very soon. For example, this reality has been openly mention that the beginning of Luke's Gospel. Due to these reasons, it is possible that Matthew, Mark and Luke had to follow the same style and pattern and similarly the approach adopted by them was also similar. All these three Gospels were written with a view to intentionally publish the life of Jesus before it was too late and aimed at a particular audience (Smith, 1988 p1044). However the circumstances related with the John's Gospel were not the same. The account of the life of Jesus was written by John after one generation had passed since the synoptic Gospels have been written, perhaps even later. As a result, John was writing his gospel when detailed accounts regarding the life and ministry of Jesus were already present for decades and these accounts have also been copied, studied and debated for several years. As a result, while there was the pressure on Matthew, Mark and Luke two officially codified the story of Jesus, no such there was present on John to preserve the historical record of the life of Jesus because this purpose had already been fulfilled by the synoptic Gospels. The result was that John had the liberty to construct his gospel in a way that was able to reflect various needs of the culture and time (Funk, 1993). There is also another explanation for the difference that it doesn't between John's Gospel and the synoptic Gospels. This explanation is related with the purposes for which each of the Gospel has been written and also the major themes that have been explored by the writers in each Gospel. Therefore while the Gospel of Mark was mainly written with a view to communicate the story of Jesus to Gentile Christians who had not witnessed the events in the life of Jesus. As a result, the main theme in this gospel was to identify Jesus as the Son of God. It was desired by Mark revealed to the new generation of Christians that in reality, this is what the Lord and Savior of all even if He was not physically present (Funk, 1993). In the same way, the Gospel of Matthew has been written with a different purpose and it was also aimed at a different audience. Particularly, the Gospel of Matthew was primarily aimed at a Jewish audience during the first century which makes perfect sense when keeping in mind the fact that a large part of the early converts to Christianity were the Jews. Therefore among the major themes of the Gospel of Matthew is the connection that is present between Jesus and the prophecies and predictions made in being in the Old Testament regarding the Messiah. Therefore, if the purpose for Matthew was to establish that Jesus was the Messiah and He was rejected by the Jewish authorities of those days (Douglas, Ed., 1990). The same is the case with Mark's Gospel; the Gospel of Luke was also mainly intended for a Gentile audience, probably due to the reason that the author of this gospel was also a Gentile. While the major events taking place in the life of Jesus have already been explained by the Gospel of Mark to a Gentile audience, the Gospel of Luke was written with a view to provide an account of the birth, life, ministries, death and resurrection of Jesus that is accurate and reliable. Therefore while it was the intention of Mark and Matthew to collate the story of Jesus for a particular audience, Gentiles and Jews, the purpose of Luke was more apologetic. He also wanted to establish that the story of Jesus was true (Wilmington, 1997). Therefore, it can be said that the purpose of the writers of synoptic Gospels was to solidify the story of Jesus in historical and apologetic way. As the generation that was in my witness to the story of Jesus was dying off, the writers of synoptic Gospels wanted to provide credibility and lasting power to the foundation of the Church, particularly due to the reason that before the fall of Jerusalem, church was still present mainly in the shadow of Jerusalem and also under Jewish faith. On the other hand, the major purpose and themes were defending case of Gospel of John as can help in explaining the uniqueness of the text of John's Gospel. Particularly, the Gospel of John was written after the fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, John was writing for a culture where severe persecution has been experienced by the Christians not only from the Jewish authorities but also at the hands of the Roman Empire (Wilmington, 1997). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that the purpose of the writers of synoptic Gospels was to solidify the story of Jesus in historical and apologetic way. As the generation that was in my witness to the story of Jesus was dying off, the writers of synoptic Gospels wanted to provide credibility and lasting power to the foundation of the Church, particularly due to the reason that before the fall of Jerusalem, church was still present mainly in the shadow of Jerusalem and also under Jewish faith. On the other hand, the major purpose and themes were defending case of Gospel of John as can help in explaining the uniqueness of the text of John's Gospel. Particularly, the Gospel of John was written after the fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, John was writing for a culture where severe persecution has been experienced by the Christians not only from the Jewish authorities but also at the hands of the Roman Empire. References B.H. Throckmorton, Jr., 1979, "Gospel Parallels: A Synopsis of the First Three Gospels," Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN C.M. Laymon 1991 "The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible," Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN D.M. Smith, 1988, "John." Essay in J.L. Mays, Ed., "Harper's Bible Commentary," Harper Row, Page 1044. F.V. Filson, 1991, "The Literary Relations among the Gospels," essay in C.M. Laymon: "The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible," Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN H.H. Halley, 1965, "Halley's Bible Handbook," Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI H.L. Wilmington, 1997, "Wilmington's Bible Handbook," Tyndale, Wheaton, IL J.D. Douglas, Gen. Ed., 1990, "New Commentary on the Whole Bible," Tyndale, Wheaton, IL P.N. Benware, 1990, "Survey of the New Testament," Moody Press, Chicago, IL Shorto, 1997, "Gospel Truth," Riverhead Books, New York, NY R.W. Funk, 1993, "The Five Gospels: The search for the authentic words of Jesus,"MacMillan, Page 10 Robert J. Miller, Ed., 1992, "The Complete Gospels", Polebridge Press, Sonoma CA, P. 249-300.

Venus Asleep Of Paul Delvaux Essays - Paul Delvaux, Walloon People

"Venus Asleep" Of Paul Delvaux Paul Delvaux (1897-1994) Venus Asleep 1. What Does the art work look like? describe it. This piece of art work in my opinion looks like a dream. The art work has a certain disoriented charm. It has mainly all dark colors and uses these dark colors to contrast with the light skin pigment of the people in the painting. The painting has a calm erotic nude lady sleeping on a very formal looking couch or day bed. If the picture is read as this ladies dream then it appears as if she were dreaming of death or something of a cult like manner. If it is indeed death she is dreaming of then she is symbolizing that death is very calm and relaxed, for her leg has gone limp as if she is very relaxed as death (the skeleton) is hovering over the foot end of her bed. In the background there are also people flying up in the sky and these people could symbolize the dead rising to a heaven or a god, or even angels attempting to help the dying on there way to a heaven or a god. It also seams as if the people in this dream are in a place of worship and they are all looking up to the skies and praying. The structures around them are very temple like, for they have many statues and engravings about them. There is one lady in close and she is not praying and looks very formal. This lady is looking right at the skeleton which symbolizes death. This lady could symbolize a priest that is conversationalizing with her god or death itself, or this lady could also symbolize a non-believer that only examines the cult or religion and passes judgment. Another major aspect of this painting is that it is all set at night, which only makes the viewer believe more that the painting is set in a dream state because most dreams occur at night when we are asleep. 2. What subject matter does the artist work with? How is the subject matter represented: realistically, abstractly. Paul Delvaux uses a lot of different subject matters and here is a list of them: mythology, dreams, religion, bourgeois men, death, skeletons, large landscapes with ruins or city views and naked woman who wander expressionlessly. But in this painting he used a dream like atmosphere and a Greek cult like landscape to portray his message. Initially his first works, painted in the early 1920's, mostly consisted of pretty post-impressionist landscapes, but later more into the late 20's (around 1926-1927), Paul Delvaux evolved towards a more simplified style of Expressionism and Symbolism as these styles were seeping into his works. In his own words Paul Delvaux explains "I wanted to find something else, but I did not know exactly what that could be.". After this metamorphosis Paul Delvaux converted to Expressionism. From 1935 and onward Paul Delvaux mainly focused on surrealistic works of art. This painting is represented in a surrealistic manner. His choice of subject-matter and his personal style attest to his own personality. 3. What kind of technique is used to produce the work? Include the type(s) of media that are used. Paul Delvaux uses many techniques, but for this painting Venus Asleep Paul Delvaux used very sharp edge images with a lot of dark shadows. He did this painting with oil on a (173 x 200cm) canvas. He conveys his work using political media from his time period and rearranging it to show his feelings of a subject or the reality of a situation. Sometimes he uses unrelated media that he links together to make a point in his own way. 4. Where was the work produced? (GeoGraphic location) Paul Delvaux is known as a Belgian artist. Paul Delvaux initially studied architecture, but later studied painting at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels. Around 1934 Paul Delvaux withdrew from society, spending a month in the tiny southern Belgian village of Spy filling his many sketch books with lingering fantasies in his mind and childhood memories. From 1951 onwards Paul Delvaux most often worked in Sint-Idesbald (Koksijde). Except in 1952 Paul Delvaux designed murals for the casino of the Kursaal in Ostend and he also did work in a few other places as well. The painting (Venus Asleep) was created in Brussels in 1944. 5. When was the work done? (Dates of the artists life, working life, name of the art period in which the work

Attack On America essays

Attack On America essays On September 11, 2001 a terror struck every human being in the world. A terrorist attack on the worlds twin trade centres in New York, New York, struck everyones attention. The two towers where demolished by two 747 airplanes. The buildings collapsed not to long after that incident, as people still could not believe what was happening in the world. Over five thousand people are reported missing. What exactly should be done to the people responsible for these actions? This question is very difficult to answer considering that the people responsible remain anonymous. Personally, I think the United States should put together the best anti-terrorist group and eliminate those who are a threat to our society and nature. Hearing that Bin Laden is involved, a military strike should be considered on Afghanistan since the people refuse to give him up to the U.S. government. This situation is difficult since Bin Laden is hiding, and has been involved in these types of activities a few years bac k with a well known history of terrorism. The decision is really tough since the people choose no other way of surrendering, so this leads to the fact that America is going to build a great army and go into Afghanistan and eliminate the disturbing nation of threat. The big part about all this is that if it gets really serious, people from the surrounding countries will feel the strike may also have an affect on their country, which may lead to these countries to responding as well. The worst thing of all would be starting a world war since some of the countries dont agree with the United States for striking back at Afghanistan. This would cause a lot of chaos since people would be terrified and very alarmed. The United States should make some agreements with other nations in the world to figure out a way to prevent this tragedy, and a way to get the people to justice for doing what they have done. As of today, it looks like there is no hop...

US Foreign Policy in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US Foreign Policy in the Middle East - Essay Example Different foreign policies get suited for different regions with regard to the goals sought. The realist perspective in international relations alludes that countries will act in their selfish interests going against whatever moral consideration there may be. The basis of this is study of the nature of humans and the need to be out of harms way. Realism views look at the international pool as an archaic system with no checks placed on sovereign states (Mingst 12). Foreign policy ought to be firmly defined through realism. The type of foreign policy fronted by the government should be beneficial to that country and achievable. The stand taken by the authorities should be supported by the nation’s population. This creates a sense of belonging and contribution in as far as effective governance gets concerned. Over the years, several foreign policy statements have become challenged because they do not depict the feelings of the population. It is in this light that opinions should be sought from the public through consultation and involvement in decision making (Jackson 66). The US foreign policy in the Middle East should involve a wide consideration of dynamics. It should look into the sociological, economic and political perspectives and possible impacts of policies made. The US foreign policy in the Middle East should view the region as a new hub for economic gain. The Middle East boasts of the world’s largest oil reservoirs. Oil wells in the United States are drying up at alarming rates. The US policy in the Middle East should encourage mutually beneficial trade between the two trading blocks (Sorensten 116). With the current state of affairs where the US is massively indebted especially to China, new trading partner should be found. Trade treaties that allow for continued investments in the Middle East should be encouraged. Movement of goods and services between the two blocks should be monitored to ensure that

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Leadership - Essay Example I think I need to encourage my team to participate more in decision making and implementing ideas. I should also encourage them to be creative while coaching them on new procedures. I can achieve these goals by taking initiative, doing more critical thinking and learning the art of effective listening (Montana & Charnov, 2008). Taking initiative will involve going beyond my position and picking on skills I can develop further. Working closely with people and sharing ideas is a good start. By critically thinking out situations, I can foresee problems before they actually occur. Apart from problems, potential opportunities can also be noticed and taken advantage of for the whole team’s benefit (Zweifel, 2008). Finally, listening will enable me to point out each team member’s strong point and be able to give feedback, while am also adviced on how best to incorporate my ideas into common projects. Listening creates an open communication platform that facilitates effective flow of information. I believe becoming a good team leader is more than my personal effort. It will take the whole team to drive me there (Zaccaro,

Democracy in the Final Quarter of the 20th Century in Latin America Essay

Democracy in the Final Quarter of the 20th Century in Latin America - Essay Example The Latin American region also meant that the struggle was intense and largely supported by the US in an attempt to buttress its hegemony in the region (Bethell, 2009). The seventies saw the emergence of leftist ideas in Latin American nations. The political-military elite of these nations saw the rise of leftist ideas as a threat to the already established systems of governance. In order to protect their nations from leftist ideology, the ruling elite turned to more authoritarian forms of government such as military dictatorships. The example of Chile, Argentina, Venezuela and many other Latin American countries supports this idea. These regimes often employed brute tactics to weed out the leftist factions and to avoid an armed struggle against the central governments. Harrowing tales of murder, political assassinations, rape, plundering, confiscation of property and the like are rampant in Latin America at the time. Chile’s dictator Auguste’ Pinochet, for example, is famous for the blatant elimination of his political opponents without any trials. The struggle in Nicaragua that put the Sandinista regime in charge was marked with bloo d and violence to fortify the seat of power. These actions on the part of these regimes infused a spirit of freedom from oppression in the masses in these nations (Skidmore & Smith, 2005). It is, therefore, no surprise that there were myriad leftist armed struggles in Latin America that were calling for regime change by the final quarter of the twentieth century. The entanglement of these military regimes in armed struggles also meant that the economy had to pay a heavy price. In certain other cases such as Argentina, the economy turned to shambles due to nepotism, mismanagement and usurpation of public resources (Stein & Hunt, 2007). It was common practice for military regimes to take onto armed adventures in order to divert public attention from the state of the economy. For example, the Argentinean military regime was made famous by its  myopic decision to invade the Falklands that exposed the Argentinean military’s weakness against a formidable British military.  

Classical Conditioning Theories And Its Uses In An Educational Setting

Classical Conditioning Theories And Its Uses In An Educational Setting In this paper, we will describe classical and operant conditioning theories and its uses in an educational or work setting. It will begin with differences between classical and operant conditioning, followed by specific examples and applications for each developmental level (infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, or early childhood). A discussion on the use of rewards from a philosophical and practical viewpoint will follow with different developmental and learning theories that can be applied in an educational or work setting. Finally, a brief summary of definitions and terms of the theory, discussing specific examples, benefits, and challenges while implementing this theory. Classical and Operant Conditioning According to Pavlov, learning begins with a stimulus-response which is classical conditioning (p.47). Learning should reflect a change in behavior. The stimulus and response noted within the working setting may not see a change in behavior. The classical conditionings in the work setting include: A customer service representative in a call center receives call quality scores via e-mail. The customer representative experiences anxiety each time the score(s) are given. The departmental potlucks create an atmosphere of food and fun. The departmental service level suffers because the customer service representatives are not adhering to scheduled breaks and lunches. The emergency room receives the charts daily. As the end of the calendar month approaches overtime is required to complete all work received. In operant conditioning, learning occurs because of rewards and punishment. Rice indicated, Satisfying consequences bring about changes in behavior (2001). Operant conditioning is often used in the educational or work setting. His or Her father gives them a credit card at the end of their first year in college because they did so well. As a result, their grades continue to get better in their second year. A professor has a policy of exempting students from the final exam if they maintain perfect attendance during the quarter. The professors policy showed a dramatic increase in his students attendance. Customer service representatives strive daily to meet the quarterly incentive. The adherences to break and lunch schedules are enforced. Examples of operant and classical conditioning are prevalent in the everyday lives of many and are seen in the educational environment. An example of operant conditioning during the infancy stage occurs when a caregiver is effective in comforting a crying infant, the infant stops crying. The removal of the unpleasant crying reinforces the caregivers comforting technique. The caregiver is apt to apply the same method of comforting the next time he cries. As an example of classical conditioning during the infancy stage occurs when a baby bottle is inserted in the infants mouth. This brings out a reflexive unlearned response of sucking. The infant can develop a conditioned to the baby bottle; the sucking occurs as soon as the infant sees a baby bottle. The following will provide examples of operant conditioning and classical conditioning during the early childhood stage in an educational environment. As an example of operant conditioning during the early childhood stage, when a student raises his or her hand and waits to be called on to receive something good as a reward. The rewards come in many forms for example a reward is the student receiving a praise or a piece of candy for his or her good behavior. Another example of classical conditioning during the early childhood stage is, when a student calls a classmate an inappropriate name. The teacher may call the student with the inappropriate behavior aside and reprimand him or her. The teacher would have that student take a time out or write sentences as of why he or she should not perform the action of calling the other student inappropriate names (Tuckman, 2010). The following will provide examples of operant conditioning and classical conditioning during the middle childhood stage in an educational environment. As an example of classical conditioning during the middle childhood stage, when a student who seldom associates with other students is encouraged to associate with others, is given praise by the teacher. As an example of classical conditioning during the middle childhood stage, a student has a fear of test taking. In the past, the student has always performed poorly when taking a test. The teacher is aware the student knows the material. The teacher could work with the student by giving him or her series of tests the student could pass. The teacher would provide positive feedback to the student to reinforce the good grade. The student would associate the test taking with positive feedback, and then the student would no longer have a fear of taking test. The following will provide examples of operant conditioning and classical conditioning during the adolescence stage in an educational environment. As an example of operant conditioning during the adolescence stage, when an above average child is receiving an average grade a parent could use monetary rewards if he or she receives As in school however, if the child receives an undesirable grade, the child would pay the parent as a means of punishment. During the adolescence stage, students enjoy working in groups on assignments and projects. As an example of classical conditioning during the adolescence stage, the teacher advises the students to work with the partner of choice if the class exhibits appropriate behaviors until that point in the lesson. If the class is not well behaved, the class does not get to work in groups. If the class exceeds the teachers expectations of appropriate behavior, the class is allowed to work in groups. The students behavior gives a definite response, w hich is a consistent reaction to the classes actions. Rewards Over the years punishment and rewards have been used to control behavior. The concern is that money, high grades, and even praises may be effective in a persons performance, but performance and interest can only remain constant as long as the reward is continuous. Rewards and punishments are ways of manipulating behavior. These two methods are used in our educational environment. These methods are saying to the child, if he or she does this, we will give him or her this, and if he or she does that, we will take away this. The question that arises is as teachers are we using these methods appropriately and is our children benefiting from the methods as a hold. What is the purpose of punishment? The purpose of punishment is to decrease certain responses. There are two types of punishments. Punishment I represents an appearance of an unpleasant stimulus, and punishment II removes the unpleasant stimulus. Punishment can be effective by immediate reasoning, or infrequent reasoning. The purpose of a reward is to let the student know that he or she has done an impressive job. The reward is used to increase the students ability to perform better or do more because his or her performance is already at or above level. This reward can cause a students desire to fail in his or her ability, and become disinterested because he or she has already reached his or her level of attainment. The purpose of reinforces is to increase desired responses and behaviors. We use these reinforces to receive a positive or negative response. The focal point is not principally on rewards and punishment. It is to create an atmosphere that increases motivation. Learning Theory There is no one perfect option in developing a strategy or theory of what would best to used in a classroom or workplace setting. The human mind has been studied for thousands of years, and there is not one study that can be reproduced exactly when it comes to human thinking. The classroom is set up based on the teachers experiences as well as educational knowledge. Starting with the learning focus model, the classroom is set up in the following way to enhance the learning environment. 1) Self- Regulated students are students who develop goals, monitor goals, practice met cognition, and use effective strategies. 2) Teacher Characteristics is expressed in personal teaching efficacy, modeling and enthusiasm, caring as well as a positive expectation of the students abilities. Promoting students motivation in the classroom involves instructional variables, instructional focus, personalization, involvement, and feedback. In comparing Piaget with Vygotsky, Piaget saw interaction primarily as a mechanism for promoting assimilation and accommodation in individuals. Whereas, Vygotsky developed his ideas based on learning and development, which arises directly from social interactions, which means individuals cognitive developments are a direct result of interactions with other people. The role of language is central to Vygotskys theory, and it plays three different roles in development (Eggen Kauchak, 2007, p.46). The first role is giving learners access to knowledge. Second, language providing the learners with cognitive tools that allows humans to think about their surroundings and resolve problems. The third role that language plays is helping the learner with regulation and reflection of his or her own thinking. According to Vygotsky, learning occurs when people acquire specific understanding, Thomas, 32(3), 656). In reviewing the research of the three different theories of motivationbehavioral theo ries humanistic theories and cognitive theoriesthe researcher has to study the development of the humanistic views of Charles Maslows hierarchy of needs. Looking at Maslows two-step processes, the first step is Deficiency needs, which includes survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem. The second step, Growth needs, includes intellectual achievements, anesthetic appreciation, and self-actualization (Eggen Kauchak, 2007, p.303). This researcher believes that if the work environment or the classroom environment could combine Piaget, Vygotsky and Maslows theories in to one basic idea, one would have the closest thing to a perfect understanding of human physical and cognitive development.

The Darkness in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

The Darkness in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can be said that a certain degree of darkness lies within every person, but this darkness will not surface unless given the correct environment.   The darkness, however, can emerge and ultimately destroy the person if not checked by reason.   If one's inner darkness does surface, the victim then is given the opportunity to reach a point in personal growth, and to gain a sense of self- knowledge from it.   That is, when one's darkness appears, one must learn from this experience how he or she can prevent similar results from occurring in the future.   It is ultimately through self-knowledge that we gain the power to defeat our inner darkness, and all of its elements.   Just as everyone has the potential for evil within themselves, we too have the potential for true goodness.   In many literary works the author attempts to exemplify the evil which lies within by showing many characters which have been, or are being overcome by their inner darkness.   In the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad we see how Marlow's journey into his ultimate evil, into his inner self, can be a positive experience.   By contrasting Marlow with Kurtz, who represents the absolute evil, we can see the two products of an inner evil which has emerged.   Marlow, who defeats his evil, and gains self-knowledge, and Kurtz, who is defeated by his darkness and falls prey to its wrath.   In William Golding's Lord of the Flies the author points out how easily people can be over taken by the darkness, how the potential for good can be destroyed by the evil, but ideally how good will triumph.   Through an examination of these two works we can see how the darkness within, given the correct environment will surface.   The circumstances which eventually cause the appearance of the inner darkness in these two novels stems from the lack of civility, the true test, or journey which every life contains, and finally the product of evil which lies in all of us, either through acts of commission or omission.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When people lack the aspect of civility in their lives they too will lack the restraints and barriers it has on one's inner evil.